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The Paleogene Period (IPA: / ˈ p eɪ l i. ə dʒ iː n,-l i. oʊ-, ˈ p æ l i-/ PAY-lee-ə-jeen, -lee-oh-, PAL-ee-; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period 66 Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Neogene Period 23.04 Ma.
It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek παλαιός palaiós meaning "old" and the Eocene Epoch (which succeeds the Paleocene), translating to "the old part of the Eocene". The epoch is bracketed by two major events in Earth's history.
The extinction event produced major changes in Paleogene insect communities. Many groups of ants were present in the Cretaceous, but in the Eocene ants became dominant and diverse, with larger colonies. Butterflies diversified as well, perhaps to take the place of leaf-eating insects wiped out by the extinction.
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, extinction of dinosaurs: 55.8: Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum: 53.7: Eocene Thermal Maximum 2: 49: Azolla event may have ended a long warm period 5.3–2.6: Pliocene climate became cooler and drier, and seasonal, similar to modern climates. 2.5 to present
In Germany this period forms three distinct layers Jurassic: c. 201.4 Ma: Jura Mountains: Mountain range in the Alps in which rocks from this period were first identified Cretaceous: c. 143.1 Ma: Lt. creta: chalk: More chalk formed in this period than any other Paleogene: c. 66 Ma: Gk. palaiogenos "ancient born" Neogene: c. 23.04 Ma: Gk ...
Artist's depiction of the end-Cretaceous impact eventSince the 19th century, a significant amount of research has been conducted on the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the mass extinction that ended the dinosaur-dominated Mesozoic Era and set the stage for the Age of Mammals, or Cenozoic Era.
Paleogene: Eocene–Oligocene extinction event: 33.9 Ma: Multiple causes including global cooling, polar glaciation, falling sea levels, and the Popigai impactor [12] Cretaceous: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event: 66 Ma Chicxulub impactor; the volcanism which resulted in the formation of the Deccan Traps may have contributed. [13]
The effects of mass extinction events varied widely. After a major extinction event, usually only weedy species survive due to their ability to live in diverse habitats. [194] Later, species diversify and occupy empty niches. Generally, it takes millions of years for biodiversity to recover after extinction events. [195]