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An HSM in PCIe format. A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages secrets (most importantly digital keys), and performs encryption and decryption functions for digital signatures, strong authentication and other cryptographic functions. [1]
The hardware security module (HSM), a type of secure cryptoprocessor, [3] [4] was invented by Egyptian-American engineer Mohamed M. Atalla, [11] in 1972. [12] He invented a high security module dubbed the "Atalla Box" which encrypted PIN and ATM messages, and protected offline devices with an un-guessable PIN-generating key. [13]
A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages digital keys for strong authentication and provides cryptoprocessing. These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card or an external device that attaches directly to a computer or network server.
It is often used to communicate with a Hardware Security Module or smart cards. The PKCS #11 standard is managed by OASIS [ 1 ] with the current version being 3.1 [ 2 ] PKCS #11 is sometimes referred to as "Cryptoki" (from "cryptographic token interface" and pronounced as "crypto-key").
No specific physical security mechanisms are required in a Security Level 1 cryptographic module beyond the basic requirement for production-grade components. An example of a Security Level 1 cryptographic module is a personal computer (PC) encryption board.
Hardware-based encryption is the use of computer hardware to assist software, or sometimes replace software, in the process of data encryption. Typically, this is implemented as part of the processor 's instruction set.