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The history of navigation, or the history of seafaring, is the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments.
Navigational instruments are instruments used by nautical navigators and pilots as tools of their trade. The purpose of navigation is to ascertain the present position and to determine the speed, direction , etc. to arrive at the port or point of destination.
The mariner's astrolabe would have replaced or complemented instruments such as the cross staff or quadrant as a navigator's instrument. The mariner's astrolabe was used until the middle or, at the latest, the end of the 17th century. [8] It was replaced by more accurate and easier-to-use instruments such as the Davis quadrant.
In ancient maritime history, [1] evidence of maritime trade between civilizations dates back at least two millennia. [2] The first prehistoric boats are presumed to have been dugout canoes which were developed independently by various Stone Age populations. In ancient history, various vessels were used for coastal fishing and travel.
The first recorded use of a 48 position mariner's compass on sea navigation was noted in The Customs of Cambodia by Yuan dynasty diplomat Zhou Daguan, he described his 1296 voyage from Wenzhou to Angkor Thom in detail; when his ship set sail from Wenzhou, the mariner took a needle direction of “ding Wei” position, which is equivalent to 22. ...
The instrument was discussed in all navigation manuals beginning in the mid-16th through the 17th century; it lost its prominent place in celestial navigation when the cross staff and the Davis quadrant gained general acceptance. According to a census of 2018 more than 100 astrolabes are preserved, most of them salvaged from wrecks.
A simple wooden kamal. A kamal, often called simply khashaba (wood in Arabic), [1] is a celestial navigation device that determines latitude.The invention of the kamal allowed for the earliest known latitude sailing, [2] and was thus the earliest step towards the use of quantitative methods in navigation. [3]
Thomas Walker & Son were inventors and makers of nautical instruments in the 19th and 20th centuries. The firm made one of the most commonly used navigation instruments, the 'log' which allowed sailors to measure distance at sea, [1] [2] one of the main measurements used in nautical navigation. The firm was founded by Thomas Walker in ...