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  2. Biological rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_rules

    The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.

  3. Racial integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_integration

    Similarly, Keith M. Woods writes on the need for precision in journalistic language: "Integration happens when a monolith is changed, like when a black family moves into an all-white neighborhood. Integration happens even without a mandate from the law. Desegregation," on the other hand, "was the legal remedy to segregation."

  4. Racial segregation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the...

    Segregation was enforced across the U.S. for much of its history. Racial segregation follows two forms, de jure and de facto. De jure segregation mandated the separation of races by law, and was the form imposed by U.S. states in slave codes before the Civil War and by Black Codes and Jim Crow laws following the war, primarily in the Southern ...

  5. Integration of immigrants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_of_immigrants

    Structural integration or placement is achieved when integration indicators such as the distribution of educational qualifications, unemployment and transfer payment rates, etc. in the group of immigrants are similar to those in the overall population. Structural integration or placement also involves the acquisition of rights. Time series data ...

  6. Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_and...

    Also called functionalism. The Darwinian view that many or most physiological and behavioral traits of organisms are adaptations that have evolved for specific functions or for specific reasons (as opposed to being byproducts of the evolution of other traits, consequences of biological constraints, or the result of random variation). adaptive radiation The simultaneous or near-simultaneous ...

  7. Mendelian inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance

    The Law of Segregation of genes applies when two individuals, both heterozygous for a certain trait are crossed, for example, hybrids of the F 1-generation. The offspring in the F 2 -generation differ in genotype and phenotype so that the characteristics of the grandparents (P-generation) regularly occur again.

  8. Chromosome segregation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_segregation

    Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes ...

  9. Non-Mendelian inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance

    Here the segregation of her two alleles, one dominant for the ability to produce eumelanin, one recessive for orange, was crucial for the colour of the kittens. With the young males it is decisive which of the two X-Chromosomes they received from the mother, because the Y-Chromosome does not contain a corresponding allele from the father.