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Morchella esculenta (commonly known as common morel, morel, yellow morel, true morel, morel mushroom, and sponge morel) is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae of the Ascomycota. It is one of the most readily recognized of all the edible mushrooms and highly sought after.
In the Great Lakes region of eastern North America, the range of M. americana overlaps with M. ulmaria; the two species cannot be reliably distinguished without DNA sampling. [4] Other similar species include M. diminutiva, M. prava and others in the genus, in addition to Verpa bohemica and Gyromitra species. [1]
Morchella semilibera in Indiana, US. Certain Morchella species (M. eximia, M. importuna, M. tomentosa and others) exhibit a pyrophilic behaviour and may grow abundantly in forests which have been recently burned by a fire. [68] [69] Moderate-intensity fires are reported to produce higher abundances of morels than low- or high-intensity fires. [48]
Minnesota was the first to declare a species; Morchella esculenta was chosen as its state mushroom in 1984, and codified into Statute in 2010. [1] Four other states, Missouri, Washington, Massachusetts, and New York [2] [3] [4] have had state mushrooms proposed.
Morchella dunensis, the morel of the dunes, is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae . It was first described as a form of Morchella esculenta by Castañera and colleagues in 1996, [ 1 ] but was later recombined as a distinct species by Clowez. [ 2 ]
Its North American range extends much further south than V. bohemica. [20] Another similar group of species are the "half-free" morels, e.g. Morchella semilibera, M. populiphila, and M. punctipes. [24] These typically have a honeycombed cap attached to the stalk for about half of its length, and with ridges that are darker than the pits.
Morchella capitata, described by Kuo and colleagues later in the same year, is a synonym of this taxon. [4] Morchella exuberans is a fire-associated morel, growing the first or second spring following a forest fire. It has so far been reported from North America, [4] Turkey, [5] Sweden, [5] China [6] and Cyprus. [7]
Morchella australiana is a species of ascomycete fungus in the family Morchellaceae. Described as new to science in 2014, it is found in New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria, Australia. The type locality was in the temperate Pilliga Scrub of northwestern New South Wales, west of the Great Dividing Range.