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"Old" nobility tried to distance themselves from the holders of newly acquired patents. In Germany and Austria, for example, "the patent was a ticket of entry, not a membership card": multiple decades should have passed after ennoblement before the "ancient nobility" with roots predating the patent system (so called uradel), would consider ...
An example is the letters patent of the Løvenskiold family, ... 1713 Nobility patent for Gothard Braem to Gjessingsggård (-1733). 1731 Nobility patent for his ...
Letters patent are a form of open or public proclamation [3] and a vestigial exercise of extra-parliamentary power by a monarch or president. [citation needed]They can thus be contrasted with the Act of Parliament, which is in effect a written order by Parliament involving assent by the monarch in conjunction with its members.
For example, in the United Kingdom royal letters patent are necessary to obtain a title of the peerage, which also carries nobility and formerly a seat in the House of Lords, but never came with automatic entail of land nor rights to the local peasants' output.
The oldest known such letters patent were issued in the middle of the 14th century, during the Late Middle Ages. Briefadel can be contrasted with Uradel, whose nobility predates issuance of letters patent. The term dates to the early nineteenth century. [1]
Typically, nobility was conferred on individuals who had assisted the sovereign. In some countries (e.g. France under the Ancien Régime), this degenerated into the buying of patents of nobility, whereby rich commoners (e.g. merchants) could purchase a title of nobility.
A family whose nobility dates back to at least the 14th century may be called Uradel, or Alter Adel ("ancient nobility", [15] or "old nobility"). This contrasts with Briefadel ("patent nobility"): nobility granted by letters patent. The first known such document is from September 30, 1360, for Wyker Frosch in Mainz. [16]
According to the letters patent of January 27, 1734, now in the Österreichisches Staatsarchiv in Vienna, the nobility and the title Knight of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsritter) is inherited by "all his present and future legitimate posterity, and their heirs' heirs, men and women in descending line, in infinity" (' Ihn sambt allen seinem jezigen und künftigen ehelichen Leibs-Erben und ...
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