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As a ship moves in the water, it creates standing waves that oppose its movement.This effect increases dramatically in full-formed hulls at a Froude number of about 0.35 (which corresponds to a speed/length ratio (see below for definition) of slightly less than 1.20 knot·ft −½) because of the rapid increase of resistance from the transverse wave train.
Dispersion occurs when sinusoidal waves of different wavelengths have different propagation velocities, so that a wave packet of mixed wavelengths tends to spread out in space. The speed of a plane wave, , is a function of the wave's wavelength : = ().
For an incident wave traveling from one medium (where the wave speed is c 1) to another medium (where the wave speed is c 2), one part of the wave will transmit into the second medium, while another part reflects back into the other direction and stays in the first medium. The amplitude of the transmitted wave and the reflected wave can be ...
with T the wave period (the reciprocal of the frequency f, T=1/f). So in deep water the phase speed increases with the wavelength, and with the period. Since the phase speed satisfies c p = λ/T = λf, wavelength and period (or frequency) are related. For instance in deep water:
Wave speed is a wave property, which may refer to absolute value of: . phase velocity, the velocity at which a wave phase propagates at a certain frequency; group velocity, the propagation velocity for the envelope of wave groups and often of wave energy, different from the phase velocity for dispersive waves
In the case of electromagnetic radiation—such as light—in free space, the phase speed is the speed of light, about 3 × 10 8 m/s. Thus the wavelength of a 100 MHz electromagnetic (radio) wave is about: 3 × 10 8 m/s divided by 10 8 Hz = 3 m.
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The speed of propagation of a wave is equal to the wavelength divided by the period, or multiplied by the frequency: v = λ τ = λ f . {\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{\tau }}=\lambda f.} If the length of the string is L {\displaystyle L} , the fundamental harmonic is the one produced by the vibration whose nodes are the two ends of the ...