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For a function of n variables the number of prime implicants can be as large as /, [25] e.g. for 32 variables there may be over 534 × 10 12 prime implicants. Functions with a large number of variables have to be minimized with potentially non-optimal heuristic methods, of which the Espresso heuristic logic minimizer was the de facto standard ...
The phenomenon that π 4,3 (x) is ahead most of the time is called Chebyshev's bias. The prime number race generalizes to other moduli and is the subject of much research; Pál Turán asked whether it is always the case that π c,a (x) and π c,b (x) change places when a and b are coprime to c. [34] Granville and Martin give a thorough ...
If you fix those minor errors however the example seesm to be putting out nonsense; id est, giving the same primes for output no matter what the input. I wish life were that easy. :D (I didn't check the logs, but I'm thinking this was originally a C example someone haphazardly converted to C++, or someone has a goat for a compiler.)
Therefore, every prime number other than 2 is an odd number, and is called an odd prime. [10] Similarly, when written in the usual decimal system, all prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or 9. The numbers that end with other digits are all composite: decimal numbers that end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 are even, and decimal numbers that end in ...
A prime sieve works by creating a list of all integers up to a desired limit and progressively removing composite numbers (which it directly generates) until only primes are left. This is the most efficient way to obtain a large range of primes; however, to find individual primes, direct primality tests are more efficient [ citation needed ] .
Since 2 divides , +, and +, and 3 divides and +, the only possible remainders mod 6 for a prime greater than 3 are 1 and 5. So, a more efficient primality test for n {\displaystyle n} is to test whether n {\displaystyle n} is divisible by 2 or 3, then to check through all numbers of the form 6 k + 1 {\displaystyle 6k+1} and 6 k + 5 ...
All prime numbers from 31 to 6,469,693,189 for free download. Lists of Primes at the Prime Pages. The Nth Prime Page Nth prime through n=10^12, pi(x) through x=3*10^13, Random primes in same range. Interface to a list of the first 98 million primes (primes less than 2,000,000,000) Weisstein, Eric W. "Prime Number Sequences". MathWorld.
A classic example of a decidable decision problem is the set of prime numbers. It is possible to effectively decide whether a given natural number is prime by testing every possible nontrivial factor. Although much more efficient methods of primality testing are known, the existence of any effective method is enough to establish decidability.