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Women were often portrayed as chaste, saintly figures who submitted to male authority in government approved domestic films. Starting in the 1950s, foreign movies in Spain presented women with images of beautiful and glamorous women who had their own agency. Censorship became a new reality for many women writers in Francoist Spain.
There were ways around it, but censorship still negatively impacted much of the work of earlier Spanish women and feminists. Women's employment opportunities in the Francoist period were severely limited. Women needed the permission of male guardians to work, and there were many jobs they were legally barred from. Legal reforms around this ...
Agustina de Aragón was the first Spanish movie to feature a woman's naked breast. Released in 1950, the naked breast largely passed without comment as it was attached to a nursing mother, and breasts of nursing women were consider asexual. [27] Women themselves had contradictory desires over their own idealized form.
After rising within Falange, she was designated as mayor of Bilbao in 1969, the first woman mayor in Francoism. By the 1960s, Francoist Spain had changed its definition of Catholic womanhood. Women were no longer only biological organisms existing for the sole purpose of procreation, but as beings for whom Spanish cultural meaning rested. [2]
Broader goals around women included utilizing them to increase the population, strengthen the family around a patriarchal structure and control the lives of women. [5] Francoism stripped women of all their individual autonomy. It defined women based on their social morality. The state imposed this through legislative means. [3]
Francoism professed a devotion to the traditional role of a woman in society; that is, being a loving daughter and sister to her parents and brothers, being a faithful wife to her husband, and residing with her family. Official propaganda confined the role of women to family care and motherhood. [50]
The role of a woman in Francoist Spain was to be a mother. [7] [8] Questioning this role for women was tantamount to questioning the nature and rights of the state, and viewed as a subversive act. [7] In Francoist Spain, women were not endowed by God with business ingenuity, nor the capacity to be involved in war.
Women in prison during the Francoist period continued to have their heads shaved as a way of denying their womanhood. [10] Women in Francoist Spain were sometimes subject to forced abortions. [7] The regime claimed that if a woman had an orgasm; it was an insult to her husband. [37]