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Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable network interface module format used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. An SFP interface on networking hardware is a modular slot for a media-specific transceiver , such as for a fiber-optic cable or a copper cable. [ 1 ]
Business management layer: performs functions related to business aspects, analyzes trends and quality issues, for example, or to provide a basis for billing and other financial reports. Service management layer: performs functions for the handling of services in the network: definition, administration and charging of services
The Telecommunications Management Network is a protocol model defined by ITU-T for managing open systems in a communications network. It is part of the ITU-T Recommendation series M.3000 and is based on the OSI management specifications in ITU-T Recommendation series X.700 .
SFP modules use duplex fiber cabling with LC connectors. SFP-DD modules are used in high-density applications that need to double the throughput of traditional SFP ports. SFP-DD modules are used for high-density applications that need to double the throughput of an SFP Port. SFP-DD is defined by the SFP-DD MSA and enables breakout to two SFP ports.
This fiber supports both single and multi mode communication. The fiber end is connected with the Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) transceiver device. [5] The companies working to define the specification include Ericsson AB, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd, NEC Corporation and Nokia.
CMIP was a key part of the Telecommunications Management Network, and enabled cross-organizational as well as cross-vendor network management. On the Internet, however, most TCP/IP devices support SNMP and not CMIP. This is because of the complexity and resource requirements of CMIP agents and management systems.
in the telecommunications industry, a multi-source agreement (MSA) is an agreement among multiple manufacturers to make products which are compatible across vendors, acting as de facto standards, establishing a competitive market for interoperable products.
Network planning and design is an iterative process, encompassing topological design, network-synthesis, and network-realization, and is aimed at ensuring that a new telecommunications network or service meets the needs of the subscriber and operator. [1] The process can be tailored according to each new network or service. [2]