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Language education – the process and practice of teaching a second or foreign language – is primarily a branch of applied linguistics, but can be an interdisciplinary field. [1] [2] There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies. [3]
In the 1960s and 1970s, some central and eastern European countries created a system of bilingual schools for well-performing pupils. Subjects other than languages were taught in a foreign language. In the 1990s this system was opened to all pupils in general education, although some countries still make candidates sit an entrance exam.
Language, in this circumstance was given a set of guidelines that stated it must be productive, have the ability to produce an infinite number of sentences that cover every available topic, and introduces, uses, and relates symbols, [5] This definition also needed to be broadened to accommodate for the thousands of different dialects in every ...
Language immersion in school contexts delivers academic content through the medium of a foreign language, providing support for L2 learning and first language maintenance. There are three main types of immersion education programs in the United States: foreign language immersion, dual immersion, and indigenous immersion.
Language learning strategies is a term referring to the actions that are consciously deployed by language learners to help them learn or use a language more effectively. [1] [2] They have also been defined as "thoughts and actions, consciously chosen and operationalized by language learners, to assist them in carrying out a multiplicity of tasks from the very outset of learning to the most ...
Early immersion: Students start learning their second language at the age of 5 or 6. Middle immersion: Students start learning their second language at the age of around 9 or 10. Late immersion: Students start learning their second language after the age of 11. [6] The stages of immersion can also be divided into:
Multilingual education (MLE) typically refers to "first-language-first" education, that is, schooling which begins in the mother tongue, or first language, and transitions to additional languages. Typically, MLE programs are situated in developing countries where speakers of minority languages , i.e. non-dominant languages, tend to be ...
For example, some models focus on providing education in both languages throughout a student's entire education while others gradually transition to education in only one language. [2] The ultimate goal of bilingual education is fluency and literacy in both languages through a variety of strategies such as translanguaging and recasting.