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The gender gap in life expectancy suggests differences in the aging process between males and females. A key factor underlying aging is considered to be DNA damage, particularly DNA double-strand breaks, and the capability to repair these damages declines with age. [128]
Other non-specific DNA-binding proteins in chromatin include the high-mobility group proteins, which bind to bent or distorted DNA. [121] These proteins are important in bending arrays of nucleosomes and arranging them into the larger structures that make up chromosomes. [122] A distinct group of DNA-binding proteins is the DNA-binding proteins ...
The human Y chromosome showing the SRY gene which codes for a protein regulating sexual differentiation. Sexual differentiation in humans is the process of development of sex differences in humans. It is defined as the development of phenotypic structures consequent to the action of hormones produced following gonadal determination. [1]
In humans, the SRY gene is located on short (p) arm of the Y chromosome at position 11.2. Sex-determining region Y protein (SRY), or testis-determining factor (TDF), is a DNA-binding protein (also known as gene-regulatory protein/transcription factor) encoded by the SRY gene that is responsible for the initiation of male sex determination in therian mammals (placentals and marsupials). [5]
Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA sequences and various types of DNA that does not encode proteins. The latter is a diverse category that includes DNA coding for non-translated RNA, such as that for ribosomal RNA , transfer RNA , ribozymes , small nuclear RNAs , and several types of regulatory RNAs .
DNA-binding proteins are proteins that have DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for single- or double-stranded DNA. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins generally interact with the major groove of B-DNA , because it exposes more functional groups that identify a base pair .
The discovery of DNA as the blueprint for life and breakthroughs in molecular genetics research came from the combined works of many scientists. In 1869, chemist Johann Friedrich Miescher, who was researching the composition of white blood cells, discovered and isolated a new molecule that he named nuclein from the cell nucleus, which would ultimately be the first discovery of the molecule DNA ...
Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) or accessory gland proteins (Acps) are one of the non-sperm components of semen. In many animals with internal fertilization, males transfer a complex cocktail of proteins in their semen to females during copulation. These seminal fluid proteins often have diverse, potent effects on female post-mating phenotypes. [2]