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  2. Phase transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition

    A small piece of rapidly melting solid argon shows two concurrent phase changes. The transition from solid to liquid, and gas to liquid (shown by the white condensed water vapour). Other phase changes include: Transition to a mesophase between solid and liquid, such as one of the "liquid crystal" phases.

  3. Phase diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_diagram

    A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.

  4. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    A phase transition indicates a change in structure and can be recognized by an abrupt change in properties. A distinct state of matter can be defined as any set of states distinguished from any other set of states by a phase transition. Water can be said to have several distinct solid states. [7] The appearance of superconductivity is ...

  5. Phase (matter) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)

    A typical phase diagram for a single-component material, exhibiting solid, liquid and gaseous phases. The solid green line shows the usual shape of the liquidsolid phase line. The dotted green line shows the anomalous behavior of water when the pressure increases. The triple point and the critical point are shown as red dots.

  6. Glass transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition

    The glass transition of a liquid to a solid-like state may occur with either cooling or compression. [10] The transition comprises a smooth increase in the viscosity of a material by as much as 17 orders of magnitude within a temperature range of 500 K without any pronounced change in material structure. [11]

  7. Critical point (thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point...

    The commonly known phases solid, liquid and vapor are separated by phase boundaries, i.e. pressure–temperature combinations where two phases can coexist. At the triple point, all three phases can coexist. However, the liquid–vapor boundary terminates in an endpoint at some critical temperature T c and critical pressure p c. This is the ...

  8. Phase-change material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-change_material

    Although liquid–gas transitions have a higher heat of transformation than solidliquid transitions, liquid→gas phase changes are impractical for thermal storage because large volumes or high pressures are required to store the materials in their gas phase. Solidsolid phase changes are typically very slow and have a relatively low heat ...

  9. Liquidus and solidus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidus_and_solidus

    The solidus is the locus of temperatures (a curve on a phase diagram) below which a given substance is completely solid (crystallized). The solidus temperature specifies the temperature below which a material is completely solid, [2] and the minimum temperature at which a melt can co-exist with crystals in thermodynamic equilibrium.