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Clostridium perfringens (formerly known as C. welchii, or Bacillus welchii) is a Gram-positive, bacillus (rod-shaped), anaerobic, spore-forming pathogenic bacterium of the genus Clostridium. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] C. perfringens is ever-present in nature and can be found as a normal component of decaying vegetation, marine sediment , the intestinal tract ...
Clostridium perfringens causes a wide range of symptoms, from food poisoning to cellulitis, fasciitis, necrotic enteritis and gas gangrene. [16] [17] Clostridium tetani causes tetanus. Several more pathogenic species, that were previously described in Clostridium, have been found to belong to other genera. [6]
Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin is a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and is responsible for gas gangrene and myonecrosis in infected tissues. The toxin also possesses hemolytic activity.
Then Clostridium species take over. In the last four hours of fermentation, Lactobacillus species reproduce. One of the main rising agents, Clostridium perfringens, produces mostly hydrogen gas, as opposed to carbon dioxide gas in yeast-raised breads. Hydrogen gas is a lighter gas than carbon dioxide, which explains the dense white crumb.
Because C. perfringens beta toxin shares homology with S. aureus pore-forming alpha toxin, it was hypothesized that beta toxin acts in a similar way. Upon investigation, it was found that C. perfringens beta toxin forms cation-selective pores in cell membranes [4] of 1.6–1.8 nm [5] and results in swelling and lysis in HL60 cells. [6]
Genus Romboutsia: Clostridium lituseburense, reassugned in 2014. Genus Sarcina: Clostridium maximum and C. ventriculi. Originally described in Sarcina, proposed to be moved to Clostridium in 2016 but remained due to Sarcina being the older genus. Genus Terrisporobacter: Clostridium glycolicum and C. mayombei, reassigned in 2014. Family ...
A Whole Foods customer in Denver, Colorado bit into fried chicken, discovered that it was raw, leading to a viral Reddit post and a call to the Department of Health.
Gas gangrene is a bacterial infection that produces gas within tissues. It can be caused by Clostridium, most commonly alpha toxin-producing C. perfringens, or various nonclostridial species. [11] [21] Infection spreads rapidly as the gases produced by the bacteria expand and infiltrate healthy tissue in the vicinity.