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The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. [5] The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian ...
Herat, Safavid Iran (modern-day Afghanistan) 1 October 1588 – 19 January 1629 19 January 1629 (aged 57) Ashraf, Iran He came to the throne with the help of qezelbash rulers. Early peace with the Ottoman Empire and buying time to reorganize the government and the army. Moved the capital of the Safavid dynasty from Qazvin to Isfahan. Attack on ...
The battle between the young Ismā'īl and Shah Farrukh Yassar of Shirvan. Ismail I was born to Martha and Shaykh Haydar on July 17, 1487, in Ardabil.His father, Haydar, was the sheikh of the Safavid tariqa (Sufi order) and a direct descendant of its Kurdish founder, [16] [17] [18] Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252–1334).
Junayd's grandson, Ismail, further altered the nature of the order when he founded the Safavid empire in 1501 and proclaimed Twelver Shi'ism as the state religion, at which point he imported Twelver Shia Ulama largely from Lebanon and Syria to transform the order into a Twelver Shi'i dynasty. [5] [6] [7] [8]
The end of the reign of Abbas II, 1666, thus marked the beginning of the end of the Safavid dynasty. Despite falling revenues and military threats, later shahs had lavish lifestyles. Soltan Hoseyn (1694–1722) in particular was known for his love of wine and disinterest in governance. [157] Map of the Safavid Empire, published 1736.
This traced the Safavid family's lineage back to the eighth Shia Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, who is buried in the Imam Reza shrine, the most revered location in Safavid Iran. The status of the Safavid family was enhanced due to their connections with Ali and Muhammad's family, as recognized by sources up to the 20th-century. [22]
Over the following 170 years, the Safaviyya Order gained political and military power, finally culminating in the foundation of the Safavid dynasty which established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, [16] [a] thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a ...
Ali Mirza Safavi (Persian: علیمیرزا صفوی), also known as Soltan-Ali Safavi (سلطان علی صفوی) [1] (died 1494), was the penultimate head of the Safavid order. Having grown wary of his political power, Ali Mirza was captured by the Ak Koyunlu and spent several years in captivity in Fars before being released in 1493 by ...