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Heterobasidion irregulare is a tree root rotting pathogenic fungus that belongs to the genus Heterobasidion, which includes important pathogens of conifers and other woody plants. It has a wide host and geographic range throughout North America and causes considerable economic damage in pine plantations in the United States.
This saprotrophic small gill fungus grows prolifically in large clumps on stumps, dead roots or rotting trunks of broadleaved trees. The "sulphur tuft" is bitter and poisonous; consuming it can cause vomiting, diarrhea and convulsions. The toxins are steroids known as fasciculols and have been shown to be calmodulin inhibitors. [1] [2]
[1] [6] Since this fungus can not move very far through soil, it relies on tree roots to help it infect neighbouring trees. In these roots, it can grow 0.1–2.0 m per year. This results in a spread of the fungus and disease gaps in the forest. These disease gaps are produced when the trees die and fall, creating gaps in the forest canopy.
Armillaria tabescens is found to attack trees that are already stressed or have a wound. The pathogen can spread its mycelia and get into the trunk or root of a tree. [9] The fungus has the ability to spread its mycelia throughout the root and trunk system and form mycelial mats.
The disease tends to occur in patches due to a primarily short range spread mechanism. [3] Infected or decayed roots break close to the root collar forming “root balls.” [1] Laminated root rot is frequently detected during ground survey when canopy openings and standing dead and fallen trees are observed. [4]
The fungus also performs essential nutrient cycling functions in these forests by decomposing stems, branches, roots, and boles of dead trees. Cavities created by the fungus in standing trees provide crucial habitat for many wildlife species including bears, voles, squirrels, and a number of bird species. The lack of disturbance in these areas ...
Wood decay caused by Serpula lacrymans (called true dry rot, a type of brown-rot). Fomes fomentarius is a stem decay plant pathogen Dry rot and water damage. A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot.
White root rot has now become the most threatening root disease of the rubber tree in both Asian and African continents, which supply 98% of the natural rubber to the world market. In Indonesia alone, the affected area is more than 80,000 ha. As a whole 5–10% of the cultivated lands are in bare patches due to this deadly disease.
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