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MAC addresses are primarily assigned by device manufacturers, and are therefore often referred to as the burned-in address, or as an Ethernet hardware address, hardware address, or physical address. Each address can be stored in the interface hardware, such as its read-only memory , or by a firmware mechanism.
Many device interfaces or protocols (e.g., SATA, USB, SAS, PCIe) are used both inside many-device boxes, such as a PC, and one-device-boxes, such as a hard drive enclosure. Accordingly, this page lists both the internal ribbon and external communications cable standards together in one sortable table.
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, [3] network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface [4]) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. [5] Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus.
Therefore, the NDIS acts as the interface between the media access control (MAC) sublayer, which is the lower sublayer of the data link layer, and the network layer (layer 3). The NDIS is a library of functions often referred to as a " wrapper " that hides the underlying complexity of the NIC hardware and serves as a standard interface for ...
The universal printing dialog box allows users to choose a recently used device, enter a device IP address, search for local print devices, or choose a device from a predefined list. Regardless of the device discovery method used, the Microsoft core driver is updated accordingly and the new device information is then reflected in the normal ...
The virtual device driver can also send simulated processor-level events like interrupts into the virtual machine. Virtual devices may also operate in a non-virtualized environment. For example, a virtual network adapter is used with a virtual private network, while a virtual disk device is used with iSCSI.
Windows successfully loaded the device driver for this hardware but cannot find the hardware device. 42: Windows cannot run the driver for this device because there is a duplicate device already running in the system. 43: Windows has stopped this device because it has reported problems. 44: An application or service has shut down this hardware ...
Network address translator (NAT): network service (provided as hardware or as software) that converts internal to external network addresses and vice versa. [14] Residential gateway: interface between a WAN connection to an Internet service provider and the home network. Terminal server: connects devices with a serial port to a local area network.