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Adult craniofacial surgery deals mostly with reconstructive surgeries after trauma or cancer and revision surgeries along with orthognathic surgery and facial feminization surgery. Craniofacial surgery is an important part of all plastic surgery training programs. Further training and subspecialisation is obtained via a craniofacial fellowship.
Pretty Modern: Beauty, Sex, and Plastic Surgery in Brazil is a book by anthropologist Alexander Edmonds published by Duke University Press in 2010. [1] Edmonds examines plastic surgery as a social domain and uses it to explore the social, medical and psychological landscape and conflicts in modern-day Brazil . [ 2 ]
Plastic surgery started to become commonly used during the world wars in order to help soldiers and veterans who were injured. Surgeons used skin grafts to reshape faces that had been impacted by bombs and bullets. [7] After, plastic surgery became mainstream in the 1950s for American women to change themselves as beauty standards were changing.
Reconstructive surgery is a term with training, clinical, and reimbursement implications. It has historically been referred to as synonymous with plastic surgery. [1] In regard to training, plastic surgery is a recognized medical specialty and a surgeon can be a "board-certified" plastic surgeon by the American Board of Plastic Surgery. [2]
Tissue expansion is a technique used by plastic, maxillofacial and reconstructive surgeons to cause the body to grow additional skin, bone, or other tissues. Other biological phenomena such as tissue inflammation can also be considered expansion (see tissue inflammation below). [citation needed]
Liposuction, also known as lipoplasty, is a type of surgery that removes fat from the human body in an attempt to change its shape. Abdominoplasty is one type of body contouring , [ 1 ] which is plastic surgery performed on different parts of the body with the aim of improving the shape and tone of the underlying tissue that supports fat.
Bigger, fuller lips are one of the most wanted beauty features. Celebs like Kylie Jenner, Kat Von D and Ashley Tisdale have even created cosmetic lines to enhance your face.
Over the past few decades, plastic surgery has become more accepted in Korea. For example, 66% of respondents in 2015 expressed that a woman can get plastic surgery for marriage, compared to 38% in 1994. [9] The proportion of women who reported that they had undergone plastic surgery also climbed from 5% in 1994 to 31% in 2015.