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The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an electrical field.
Dielectric constant, [2] ε r: 10.5 ε 0 at 20 °C Bond strength? Bond length? Bond angle? Magnetic susceptibility? Surface tension [3] 40.05 mN/m at 10 °C 38.75 mN/m at 20 °C 28.4 mN/m at 100 °C Viscosity [4] 1.1322 mPa·s at 0 °C 0.8385 mPa·s at 20 °C 0.6523 mPa·s at 40 °C 0.4357 mPa·s at 80 °C
The Lorentz–Lorenz equation is similar to the Clausius–Mossotti relation, except that it relates the refractive index (rather than the dielectric constant) of a substance to its polarizability. The Lorentz–Lorenz equation is named after the Danish mathematician and scientist Ludvig Lorenz , who published it in 1869, and the Dutch ...
Another common term encountered for both absolute and relative permittivity is the dielectric constant which has been deprecated in physics and engineering [2] as well as in chemistry. [ 3 ] By definition, a perfect vacuum has a relative permittivity of exactly 1 whereas at standard temperature and pressure , air has a relative permittivity of ...
Vacuum permittivity, commonly denoted ε 0 (pronounced "epsilon nought" or "epsilon zero"), is the value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. It may also be referred to as the permittivity of free space, the electric constant, or the distributed capacitance of the vacuum. It is an ideal (baseline) physical constant.
The ESR is a derived quantity representing the loss due to both the dielectric's conduction electrons and the bound dipole relaxation phenomena mentioned above. In a dielectric, one of the conduction electrons or the dipole relaxation typically dominates loss in a particular dielectric and manufacturing method. For the case of the conduction ...
Various methods may be employed to create voids or pores in a silicon dioxide dielectric. [3] Voids can have a relative dielectric constant of nearly 1, thus the dielectric constant of the porous material may be reduced by increasing the porosity of the film. Relative dielectric constants lower than 2.0 have been reported.
Polarizability is responsible for a material's dielectric constant and, at high (optical) frequencies, its refractive index. The polarizability of an atom or molecule is defined as the ratio of its induced dipole moment to the local electric field; in a crystalline solid, one considers the dipole moment per unit cell. [1]