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Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927.
Awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with James W. Black and George H. Hitchings. 1995: Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard: 20 October 1942 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Nazi Germany [k] — 1995: Awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward B. Lewis and Eric F. Wieschaus. 1997: Lida Holmes Mattman: 31 July 1912
The Prize is awarded by the Maize Genetics Executive Committee, [1] and is presented to the Prize winner each spring at the Annual Maize Genetics Conference. [2] Named in honour of Barbara McClintock the award was founded in 2013 by Jeffrey Bennetzen, and funded by his royalties from the book Handbook of Maize by Bennetzen and Sarah Hake.
Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), American geneticist, Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1983; Eileen McCracken (1920–1988), Irish botanist; Ruth Colvin Starrett McGuire (1893–1950), American plant pathologist; Anne McLaren (1927–2007), British developmental biologist; Ethel Irene McLennan (1891–1983), Australian botanist
The first TEs were discovered in maize (Zea mays) by Barbara McClintock in 1948, for which she was later awarded a Nobel Prize. She noticed chromosomal insertions, deletions, and translocations caused by these elements. These changes in the genome could, for example, lead to a change in the color of corn kernels.
Barbara McClintock, discovered transposons ("jumping genes") in 1944; received Nobel Prize in 1983. [44] [45] [46] Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey, conducted "Waring blender experiments", confirmed DNA as the genetic material in 1952; [47] Hershey was awarded the Nobel Prize with Salvador Luria and Max Delbrück in 1969 [48]
There are Nobel Prizes for different categories, though not every prize is awarded each year. In fact, one category has only been handed out 55 times.
1983: Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of mobile genetic elements. McClintock studied transposon-mediated mutation and chromosome breakage in maize and published her first report in 1948 on transposable elements or transposons.