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The Canadian dollar has had a floating exchange rate ever since. [99] Duguay, a former Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada, has stated that a flexible exchange rate favours a trading nation such as Canada, which produces commodities and also manufactured goods.
The Canadian dollar returned to a fixed exchange rate regime in 1962 when its value was set at US$0.925, where it remained until 1970. [ 38 ] As an inflation -fighting measure, the Canadian dollar was allowed to float in 1970.
De Facto Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements, as of April 30, 2021, and Monetary Policy Frameworks [2] Exchange rate arrangement (Number of countries) Exchange rate anchor Monetary aggregate target (25) Inflation Targeting framework (45) Others (43) US Dollar (37) Euro (28) Composite (8) Other (9) No separate legal tender (16) Ecuador ...
1965: Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement (Auto Pact) 1973–1979: Tokyo round of GATT; 1988: Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement; 1993: North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 1994: World Trade Organization created; 1997: Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement (CIFTA) 1997: Canada–Chile Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA)
The trade relationship of the United States with Canada is the largest in the world.. In 2023, the goods and services trade between the two countries totaled $923 billion. U.S. exports were $441 billion, while imports were $482 billion, resulting in a United States $41 billion trade deficit with Canada. [1]
The United States had become Canada's largest market, and after the war, the Canadian economy became dependent on smooth trade flows with the United States so much that in 1971 when the United States enacted the "Nixon Shock" economic policies (including a 10% tariff on all imports) it put the Canadian government into a panic.
The recession brought on in the United States by the collapse of the dot-com bubble beginning in 2000, hurt the Toronto Stock Exchange but has affected Canada only mildly. It is one of the few times Canada has avoided following the United States into a recession.
The trade-weighted US dollar index, also known as the broad index, is a measure of the value of the United States dollar relative to other world currencies. It is a trade weighted index that improves on the older U.S. Dollar Index by incorporating more currencies and yearly rebalancing. The base index value is 100 in January 1997. [1]