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  2. Insular cortex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_cortex

    The insular cortex is considered a separate lobe of the telencephalon by some authorities. [8] Other sources see the insula as a part of the temporal lobe. [9] It is also sometimes grouped with limbic structures deep in the brain into a limbic lobe. [citation needed] As a paralimbic cortex, the insular cortex is considered to be a relatively ...

  3. Bipolar disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder

    Meta-analyses of structural MRI studies have shown that certain brain regions (e.g., the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex, fronto-insular cortex, ventral prefrontal cortex, and claustrum) are smaller in people with bipolar disorder, whereas other regions are larger (lateral ventricles, globus pallidus, subgenual anterior cingulate, and ...

  4. Claustrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claustrum

    The claustrum (Latin, meaning "to close" or "to shut") is a thin sheet of neurons and supporting glial cells in the brain, that connects to the cerebral cortex and subcortical regions including the amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus.

  5. Biology of depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_of_depression

    Sleep deprivation and light therapy both target the same brain neurotransmitter system and brain areas as antidepressant drugs, and are now used clinically to treat depression. [28] Light therapy, sleep deprivation and sleep time displacement (sleep phase advance therapy) are being used in combination quickly to interrupt a deep depression in ...

  6. Biology of bipolar disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_of_bipolar_disorder

    A 2016 meta analysis reported that bipolar disorder was associated with grey matter reductions bilaterally in the ACC, vmPFC, and insula extending to the temporal lobe. When compared with grey matter reductions in unipolar depression, significant overlap occurred in the insular and medial prefrontal regions.

  7. Lobes of the brain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobes_of_the_brain

    The insular cortex is divided into two parts: the larger anterior insula and the smaller posterior insula in which more than a dozen field areas have been identified. The cortical area overlying the insula toward the lateral surface of the brain is the operculum (meaning lid). The opercula are formed from parts of the enclosing frontal ...

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