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Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound and a low tolerance for environmental noise. Definitions of hyperacusis can vary significantly; it often revolves around damage to or dysfunction of the stapes bone, stapedius muscle or tensor tympani ().
There are a wide variety of symptoms that have been found to be associated with sensory overload. These symptoms can occur in both children and adults. Some of these symptoms are: Irritability "Shutting down," or refusing to participate in activities and interact with others; Over-sensitivity to touch, movement, sights, or sounds
Misophonia (or selective sound sensitivity syndrome) is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds or their associated stimuli, or cues. These cues, known as "triggers", are experienced as unpleasant or distressing and tend to evoke strong negative emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses not seen in most other people. [ 8 ]
While occupational therapists using a sensory integration frame of reference work on increasing a child's ability to adequately process sensory input, other OTs may focus on environmental accommodations that parents and school staff can use to enhance the child's function at home, school, and in the community.
Annoyance effects of noise are minimally affected by demographics, but fear of the noise source and sensitivity to noise both strongly affect the 'annoyance' of a noise. [42] Sound levels as low as 40 dB(A) can generate noise complaints [43] and the lower threshold for noise producing sleep disturbance is 45 dB(A) or lower. [44]
The sufferer becomes anxious to get away from the source of the loud sound and may get headaches. [1] It may also be related to, caused by, or confused with hyperacusis, extreme sensitivity to loud sounds. [5] Phonophobia also has been proposed to refer to an extreme form of misophonia. [6]
Noise damage is cumulative; all sources of damage must be considered to assess risk. In the US, 12.5% of children aged 6–19 years have permanent hearing damage from excessive noise exposure. [55] The World Health Organization estimates that half of those between 12 and 35 are at risk from using personal audio devices that are too loud. [11]
Noise pollution can have negative affects on adults and children on the autistic spectrum. [42] Those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can have hyperacusis, which is an abnormal sensitivity to sound. [43]