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Alpha-synuclein deposits can affect the cardiac muscle and blood vessels. [15] Almost all people with synucleinopathies have cardiovascular dysfunction, although most are asymptomatic. [15] From chewing to defecation, alpha-synuclein deposits affect every level of gastrointestinal
Alpha-synuclein is a synuclein protein primarily found in neural tissue, making up as much as one percent of all proteins in the cytosol of brain cells. [17] It is expressed highly in neurons within the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and olfactory bulb, [17] but can also be found in the non-neuronal glial cells. [18]
Also, DLB is a synucleinopathy, meaning that it is characterized by abnormal deposits of alpha-synuclein protein in the brain. The synucleinopathies include Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and other rarer conditions. [14] The vocabulary of diseases associated with Lewy pathology causes confusion. [15]
The exact cause is unknown, but involves widespread deposits of abnormal clumps of protein that form in neurons of the diseased brain. [7] Known as Lewy bodies (discovered in 1912 by Frederic Lewy [ 8 ] ) and Lewy neurites , these clumps affect both the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system . [ 9 ]
Alpha-synuclein modulates DNA repair processes, including repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the process of non-homologous end joining [13] The repair function of alpha-synuclein appears to be greatly reduced in Lewy body bearing neurons, and this reduction may trigger cell death.
Central vertigo is less common and is caused by a problem in the brain. It might be in the brain stem. It might be in the brain stem. It could also be in the back part of the brain, called the ...
The six-stage Braak system holds that alpha-synuclein pathology begins in the olfactory bulb or outside the central nervous system in the enteric nervous system before ascending the brain stem. [100] In the third Braak stage, Lewy body pathology appears in the substantia nigra, [ 100 ] and, by the sixth step, Lewy pathology has spread to the ...
In addition, an alpha-synuclein fragment, known as the non-Abeta component (NAC), is found in amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. tau : hyperphosphorylated tau protein is the main component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease; tau fibrils are the main component of Pick bodies found in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia .
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