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The lowest court level in Texas is the Justice of the Peace Court (also called Justice Court or JP Court). Each county has at least one JP Court. [ 16 ] Sections 18 and 19 of Article V, as well as Chapters 27 and 28 of the Texas Government Code, outline the duties of these Courts and their officers.
State courts of Texas. Texas Supreme Court (Civil) [1] Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Criminal) [2] Texas Courts of Appeals (14 districts) [3] Texas District Courts (420 districts) [4] Texas County Courts [5] Texas Justice Courts [6] Texas Municipal Courts [7] Federal courts located in Texas. United States District Court for the Eastern ...
Jaime Tijerina, Chief Justice September 12, 1963 (age 61) [47] April 24, 2019 [n] 2030 2040 Republican: Greg Abbott (R) Texas Southern: 6 Clarissa Silva April 15, 1982 (age 42) January 1, 2021: 2026 2060 Republican — [c] Texas Southern 3 Aaron Peña June 8, 1959 (age 65) January 1, 2023: 2028 2034 Republican — [c] Texas Southern
United States Army, First Battalion, First Infantry Regiment soldiers in Texas in 1861. The legal status of Texas is the standing of Texas as a political entity. While Texas has been part of various political entities throughout its history, including 10 years during 1836–1846 as the independent Republic of Texas, the current legal status is as a state of the United States of America.
On June 9, 2023, Texas' governor signed an Act into law creating a trial level business court, as well as the first appellate level business court in the United States. The new law became effective in September 2023. [6] [7] [8] On June 28, 2024, the Texas Supreme Court approved rules of procedure for the new Business Court. [9]
A different court, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, is the court of last resort in criminal matters. The Court has its seat at the Supreme Court Building on the State Capitol grounds in Austin, Texas. [2] The Texas Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and eight justices.
The Chief Justice of Texas presides at the Texas Supreme Court, which is the top appellate court for civil matters in the Texas court system. The chief justice (and all the justices) are elected statewide in partisan elections. The term of the chief justice is six years. The position was created in the Texas Constitution of 1876.
The Texas legal system is based on common law, which is interpreted by case law through the decisions of the Supreme Court, the Court of Criminal Appeals, and the Courts of Appeals, which are published in the Texas Cases and South Western Reporter. Counties and municipal governments may also promulgate local ordinances.