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The first tide predicting machine (TPM) was built in 1872 by the Légé Engineering Company. [11] A model of it was exhibited at the British Association meeting in 1873 [12] (for computing 8 tidal components), followed in 1875-76 by a machine on a slightly larger scale (for computing 10 tidal components), was designed by Sir William Thomson (who later became Lord Kelvin). [13]
During World War II the Coast and Geodetic Survey produced annual tide tables for major ports four years in advance in case Old Brass Brains broke down or was sabotaged. [8] The Coast and Geodetic Survey also provided tide predictions for a number of additional locations in the Pacific, including potential locations for amphibious invasions ...
That is, by proper association of the astronomical phases, observations made at one time can enable predictions decades away with different astronomical phases. [ citation needed ] Doodson used and became involved in the design of tide-predicting machines , of which a widely used example was the "Doodson-Légé TPM".
It was decided that the assault should be one hour after low tide and within one hour of first light. [14] Arthur Doodson head of the Liverpool Tidal Institute advised the Royal Navy on European coastal areas, and was asked in October 1943 by Commander Ian Farquharson to make tidal predictions for Normandy, which was disguised as "Position Z ...
The calculations of tide predictions using the harmonic constituents are laborious, and from the 1870s to about the 1960s they were carried out using a mechanical tide-predicting machine, a special-purpose form of analog computer. More recently digital computers, using the method of matrix inversion, are used to determine the tidal harmonic ...
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One of the earliest practical uses of Thomson's concepts was a tide-predicting machine built by Kelvin starting in 1872–3. On Lord Kelvin's advice, Thomson's integrating machine was later incorporated into a fire-control system for naval gunnery being developed by Arthur Pollen , resulting in an electrically driven, mechanical analogue ...