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  2. Apex beat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apex_beat

    A pulse deficit between the PMI and periphery may occur in some arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contraction or atrial fibrillation. Sustained apex beat, namely prolonged upward cardiac force during systole in a physical exam, can be seen in some chronic conditions such as hypertension and aortic stenosis, especially in elderly and ...

  3. Antiarrhythmic agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiarrhythmic_agent

    They thus reduce the contractility of the heart, so may be inappropriate in heart failure. However, in contrast to beta blockers, they allow the body to retain adrenergic control of heart rate and contractility. [citation needed] Class IV agents include verapamil and diltiazem.

  4. Beta blocker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_blocker

    Antianginal effects result from negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, which decrease cardiac workload and oxygen demand. Negative chronotropic properties of beta blockers allow the lifesaving property of heart rate control. Beta blockers are readily titrated to optimal rate control in many pathologic states. [citation needed]

  5. Cardiovascular agents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_agents

    Cardiovascular agents are drugs that affect the rate and intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameters, blood volume, blood clotting and blood cholesterol levels. [1] They are indicated to treat diseases related to the heart or the vascular system (blood vessels), such as hypertension , hyperlipidemia , coagulation disorders , heart ...

  6. Atrial fibrillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation

    AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near-normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). [5] Electrical cardioversion can convert AF to normal heart rhythm and is often necessary for emergency use if the person is unstable. [23]

  7. Metoprolol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoprolol

    Metoprolol, sold under the brand name Lopressor among others, is a medication used to treat angina, high blood pressure and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate. [4] It is also used to prevent further heart problems after myocardial infarction and to prevent headaches in those with migraines . [ 4 ]

  8. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine...

    [13] [14] In the heart, this contributes to a decreased heart rate. They do so by the G βγ subunit of the G protein; G βγ shifts the open probability of K + channels in the membrane of the cardiac pacemaker cells, which causes an outward current of potassium, effectively hyperpolarizing the membrane, which slows down the heart rate.

  9. Mayo Clinic Arizona - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_Clinic_Arizona

    Mayo Clinic Arizona is a multi-campus medical clinic and tertiary medical center in Phoenix, Arizona. Its two main campuses are the outpatient clinic building, situated in east Scottsdale, Arizona, and the Arizona Hospital, located in north Phoenix, Arizona. [ 1 ]