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In 2004, President George W. Bush announced his Vision for Space Exploration and NASA's 2005 Exploration Systems Architecture Study was created in response, recommended the use of the Low Impact Docking System (LIDS) for the Crew Exploration Vehicle (which was later named Orion) and all applicable future exploration elements.
The berthing mechanism is a unique hybrid derivative the Russian APAS-89/APAS-95 system as it has 4 petals instead of 3 along with 12 structural hooks and is a combination of an active "probe and drogue" soft-dock mechanism on port and passive target on airlock. Non-Androgynous SSPA-GB 1/2 (Hybrid Docking System) Docking Yes
The idea behind the design is that unlike with the probe-and-drogue docking system, any APAS docking ring can mate with any other APAS docking ring; both sides are androgynous. In each docking there is an active and a passive side, but both sides can fulfill either role. There are three basic variations of the APAS.
The APAS to LIDS Adaptor System (ATLAS) was announced in 2008. [1] It would have been placed on the open PMAs and converted APAS-95 to the Low Impact Docking System (LIDS). [1] ATLAS was planned to be launched on Orion's first two missions to the International Space Station. [1]
The IBDM is designed to be compatible with the International Docking System Standard [3] (IDSS) and is hence compatible with the ISS International Docking Adapters on the US side of the ISS. The European Space Agency started a cooperation with SNC to provide the IBDM for attaching this new vehicle to the ISS in the future. [ 4 ]
The Whidbey Island class of dock landing ships acts as aircraft and troop carriers. ... The Avenger class’s primary sensor systems are the AN/SSN-2 Precise Integrated Navigation System, AN/SQQ ...
The Agena Target Vehicle (/ ə ˈ dʒ iː n ə /; ATV), also known as Gemini-Agena Target Vehicle (GATV), was an uncrewed spacecraft used by NASA during its Gemini program to develop and practice orbital space rendezvous and docking techniques, and to perform large orbital changes, in preparation for the Apollo program lunar missions. [1]
IDSS Rev D NDS, NASA's implementation of IDSS. The International Docking System Standard (IDSS) is an international standard for spacecraft docking adapters.It was created by the International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board, on behalf of the International Space Station partner organizations; NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency.