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A programming language describes the same for computations, so there is a close analogy between protocols and programming languages: protocols are to communication what programming languages are to computations. [3] An alternate formulation states that protocols are to communication what algorithms are to computation. [4]
Network programming traditionally covers different layers of OSI/ISO model (most of application-level programming belongs to L4 and up). The table below contains some examples of popular protocols belonging to different OSI/ISO layers, and popular APIs for them.
Protocol (object-oriented programming), a common means for unrelated objects to communicate with each other (sometimes also called interfaces) Communication protocol, a defined set of rules and regulations that determine how data is transmitted in telecommunications and computer networking Cryptographic protocol, a protocol for encrypting messages
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking , and essentially establishes the Internet .
In version 4, the monolithic Transmission Control Program was divided into a modular architecture consisting of the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This resulted in a networking model that became known informally as TCP/IP , although formally it was variously referred to as the DoD internet architecture ...
An internetwork is the connection of multiple different types of computer networks to form a single computer network using higher-layer network protocols and connecting them together using routers. The Internet is the largest example of internetwork. It is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public, and private ...
Protocol stack of the OSI model. The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family.Some of these terms are used interchangeably but strictly speaking, the suite is the definition of the communication protocols, and the stack is the software implementation of them.
HTTP is a stateless application-level protocol and it requires a reliable network transport connection to exchange data between client and server. [20] In HTTP implementations, TCP/IP connections are used using well-known ports (typically port 80 if the connection is unencrypted or port 443 if the connection is encrypted, see also List of TCP ...