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Absolute altitude is the vertical distance of the aircraft above the terrain over which it is flying. [3]: ii It can be measured using a radar altimeter (or "absolute altimeter"). [3] Also referred to as "radar height" or feet/metres above ground level (AGL). True altitude is the actual elevation above mean sea level.
The highest current world absolute general aviation altitude record for air breathing jet-propelled aircraft is 37.650 kilometres (123,520 ft) set by Aleksandr Vasilyevich Fedotov in a Mikoyan-Gurevich E-266M (MiG-25M) on August 31, 1977.
Furthermore, if the point is attached to the Earth (e.g., a mountain peak), then altitude (height above sea level) is called elevation. [ 2 ] In a two-dimensional Cartesian space , height is measured along the vertical axis ( y ) between a specific point and another that does not have the same y -value.
The absolute ceiling is the highest altitude at which an aircraft can sustain level flight. Due to the thin air at higher altitudes, a much higher true airspeed (TAS) is required to generate sufficient lift on the wings.
In 1932 Cyril Uwins set a world altitude record of 13,404 m (43,976 ft) in a Vickers Vespa VII, which the Potez 506 was designed to better. [1] Flown by Gustave Lemoine, it reached 13,661 m (44,820 ft) on 28 September 1933, an altitude limited by icing of the pilot's eyes as he sat in his open cockpit. He used oxygen but had no pressure suit.
Derived from the SE 3150, it was designed for high altitude operations using a 650 kW (870 hp) Turbomeca Astazou IIIB turboshaft, derated to 410 kW (550shp). This derivative still holds the absolute altitude record for all types of helicopters since 1972: 12,442 m. HB 315B Gaviao Brazilian licence-built version of the SA 315B Lama. [17] HAL Cheetah
The first pilot with the Diamond Badge was the American, John Robinson, in 1950, who had also held the absolute altitude record. [9] Over 7600 people have achieved this level. The FAI also issues a diploma for a flight of 750 km, and additional ones in increments of 250 km, maintaining lists of the holders of these awards.
TA [3] - Transition Altitude - altitude at which the pilot changes the aircraft's altimeter setting (usually from QNH) to standard pressure (1013.25 hPa) TL - Transition Level - the lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude; TLY - Transition Layer - the airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level