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300 series stainless steels are the larger subgroup. The most common austenitic stainless steel and most common of all stainless steel is Type 304, also known as 18/8 or A2. Type 304 is extensively used in such items as cookware, cutlery, and kitchen equipment. Type 316, also known as A4, is the next most common austenitic stainless steel.
Austenite, also known as gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), is a metallic, non-magnetic allotrope of iron or a solid solution of iron with an alloying element. [1] In plain-carbon steel , austenite exists above the critical eutectoid temperature of 1000 K (727 °C); other alloys of steel have different eutectoid temperatures.
Duplex steels also have higher strength. For example, a Type 304 stainless steel has a 0.2% proof strength in the region of 280 MPa (41 ksi), a 22%Cr duplex stainless steel a minimum 0.2% proof strength of some 450 MPa (65 ksi) and a superduplex grade a minimum of 550 MPa (80 ksi). [6]
A2 stainless steel outside the US, in accordance with ISO 3506 for fasteners. [4] 18/8 and 18/10 stainless steel (also written 18-8 and 18-10) in the commercial tableware and fastener industries. SUS304 the Japanese JIS G4303 equivalent grade. 1.4301, the EN 10088 equivalent. [5]
Type 310 310S— is a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel used for high temperature application. The high chromium and nickel content give the steel excellent oxidation resistance as well as high strength at high temperature. This grade is also very ductile, and has good weldability enabling its widespread usage in many applications. [7]
Alloying elements can have an effect on the eutectoid temperature. Manganese and nickel lower the eutectoid temperature and are known as austenite stabilizing elements. With enough of these elements the austenitic structure may form at room temperature. Carbide-forming elements raise the eutectoid temperature and stabilize ferrites. [1]: 395–396
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