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Croup (/ k r uː p / KROOP), also known as croupy cough, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus. [2] The infection leads to swelling inside the trachea, which interferes with normal breathing and produces the classic symptoms of "barking/brassy" cough, inspiratory stridor and a hoarse voice. [2]
Stridor (from Latin 'creaking/grating noise') is an extra-thoracic high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree. It is different from a stertor , which is a noise originating in the pharynx .
This condition is most commonly seen in infants and young children. [2] The usual symptom is stridor when a person breathes out. This is usually known as a collapsed windpipe. The trachea normally opens slightly during breathing in and narrows slightly during breathing out. These processes are exaggerated in tracheomalacia, leading to airway ...
Laryngomalacia results in partial airway obstruction, most commonly causing a characteristic high-pitched squeaking noise on inhalation (inspiratory stridor). Some infants have feeding difficulties related to this problem. Rarely, children will have significant life-threatening airway obstruction.
X-rays of the neck from the side may show a "thumbprint sign" but the lack of this sign does not mean the condition is absent. [1] An effective vaccine, the Hib vaccine, has been available since the 1980s. [4] The antibiotic rifampicin may also be used to prevent the disease among those who have been exposed to the disease and are at high risk. [5]
[4] [7] In areas where it is still common, children are most affected. [1] It is rare in the developed world due to widespread vaccination , but can re-emerge if vaccination rates decrease. [ 1 ] [ 8 ] In the United States, 57 cases were reported between 1980 and 2004. [ 2 ]
The term childhood disease refers to disease that is contracted or becomes symptomatic before the age of 18 or 21 years old. Many of these diseases can also be contracted by adults. Some childhood diseases include:
Intermittent fever is a type or pattern of fever in which there is an interval where temperature is elevated for several hours followed by an interval when temperature drops back to normal. [1] This type of fever usually occurs during the course of an infectious disease . [ 2 ]