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Transparency has become a key value of the open science movement, which evolved from an initial focus on publishing to encompass a large diversity of research outputs. New common standards for research transparency, like the TOP Guidelines, aims to build and strengthen open research culture across disciplines and epistemic cultures.
In different wording, institutional function presides over form; the former can be expressed by its credibility, that is, the perceived social support at a given time and space.” [1] Or, as Pero and Smith phrased “institutional credibility refers to peoples’ acceptance of an institution based on their perceptions of that institutions ...
Corporate transparency describes the extent to which a corporation's actions are observable by outsiders. This is a consequence of regulation, local norms, and the set of information, privacy, and business policies concerning corporate decision-making and operations openness to employees, stakeholders , shareholders and the general public.
Inclusivity, transparency, and protection from inappropriate influence are hallmarks of scientific integrity.”-HHS To promote a culture of scientific integrity at HHS, they have outlined their policy in seven specific areas: [66] Protecting Scientific Processes; Ensuring the Free Flow of Scientific Information; Supporting Policymaking Processes
The relationships between organizational culture and various outcomes include organizational performance, employee commitment, and innovation. A healthy and robust organizational culture is thought to offer various benefits, including: [54] [55] Competitive edge derived from innovation and customer service; Consistent efficient employee performance
Economic transparency refers to banks and other financial institutions that have made data available about their financial position and condition. [1] However, the definition depends on the perspective of different research areas through which it is examined, mainly monetary economics, international finance, corporate finance, and others (e.g. public economics, international trade, asset ...
Public transparency, Clear investment policies, Commercial orientation, Restrictions against using privileged information, Shareholder rights policies, Effective risk management, Proper reporting of performance, And regular reviews to ensure its compliance with the foregoing Santiago Principles.
"Accountability" derives from the late Latin accomptare (to account), a prefixed form of computare (to calculate), which in turn is derived from putare (to reckon). [6] While the word itself does not appear in English until its use in 13th century Norman England, [7] the concept of account-giving has ancient roots in record-keeping activities related to governance and money-lending systems ...