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The origin of the name "Damascus Steel" is contentious. Islamic scholars al-Kindi (full name Abu Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi, circa 800 CE – 873 CE) and al-Biruni (full name Abu al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni, circa 973 CE – 1048 CE) both wrote about swords and steel made for swords, based on their surface appearance, geographical location of production or forging, or the name of the ...
The steel used in sword production is known as tamahagane (玉鋼:たまはがね), or "jewel steel" (tama – ball or jewel, hagane – steel). Tamahagane is produced from iron sand, a source of iron ore, and mainly used to make samurai swords, such as the katana, and some tools.
The word tama means 'precious', and the word hagane means 'steel'. [1] Tamahagane is used to make Japanese swords, daggers, knives, and other kinds of tools. The carbon content of the majority of analyzed Japanese swords historically lies between a mass of 0.5–0.7%; however, the range extends up to 1.5%. [2] [3]
15N20, L6, and 8670 are steels containing 1-2% nickel, known for great toughness at around Rockwell C 58–60. L6 is popular for swords; 8670 would also be excellent and is easier to find and cheaper. 15N20 (.75% C, 2.0% Ni) is widely used with 1095 to make pattern-welded ("Damascus") steel.
The production of swords in Japan is divided into specific time periods: jōkotō (ancient swords, until around 900 A.D.), kotō (old swords from around 900–1596), shintō (new swords 1596–1780), shinshintō (new new swords 1781–1876), gendaitō (modern or contemporary swords 1876–present) [22]
Swords of the Viking Age. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-914-1. Verhoeven, John D. (2002). "Genuine Damascus Steel: a type of banded microstructure in hypereutectoid steels" (PDF). Materials Technology. Steel Research, 73 (8). Iowa State University: 356– 365. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2006 – via Internet Archive.
According to The Athletic's Paul Dehner Jr., Burrow gifted his offensive linemen a collection of authentic Japanese katanas, complete with their own origin story, town or battle. The group was ...
The swords of the medieval Chinese Tang dynasty (many of which are preserved in Japanese museums) are made with this lamination technique of a harder steel core wrapped in a softer steel jacket. Jacketed lamination techniques, as well as repeated hammering and folding techniques, date to at least the ancient Chinese Han dynasty of 202 BC to 220 AD.