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At 8 weeks of gestation when the fetus weighed 1 gram, the thymus could not be detected. In many of the 39 fetuses weighing around 1.3-14.7 grams, the thymus tissues could not be dissected by the group especially in the smaller fetuses due to its non-detection. Fetuses weighing more than or equal to 5 grams could be detected.
The fetus reaches a length of about 38–43 cm (15–17 in). The fetus weighs about 1.5 kg (3 lb 5 oz). The amount of body fat rapidly increases. Rhythmic breathing movements occur, but lungs are not fully mature. Thalamic brain connections, which mediate sensory input, form. Bones are fully developed, but are still soft and pliable.
Fetal programming, also known as prenatal programming, is the theory that environmental cues experienced during fetal development play a seminal role in determining health trajectories across the lifespan. Three main forms of programming that occur due to changes in the maternal environment are:
A first-of-its-kind case study has highlighted the ways in which the brain changes throughout pregnancy, including decreases in gray matter volume, and increases in white matter.
In human pregnancy, prenatal development is also called antenatal development. The development of the human embryo follows fertilization , and continues as fetal development . By the end of the tenth week of gestational age , the embryo has acquired its basic form and is referred to as a fetus .
The development of the nervous system in humans, or neural development, or neurodevelopment involves the studies of embryology, developmental biology, and neuroscience.These describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the complex nervous system forms in humans, develops during prenatal development, and continues to develop postnatally.
Human embryonic development covers the first eight weeks of development, which have 23 stages, called Carnegie stages. At the beginning of the ninth week, the embryo is termed a fetus (spelled "foetus" in British English). In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a more complete set of developing organs.
Crystal Methamphetamine is an example of a recreational drug that can have serious negative consequences on fetal memory development if used during pregnancy. Similarly to nutritional intake, drugs consumed by the mother during pregnancy can affect the brain development of her fetus.