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The trunk consists of five main parts: The outer bark, inner bark , cambium, sapwood (live xylem), and heartwood (dead xylem). [2] From the outside of the tree working in: The first layer is the outer bark; this is the protective outermost layer of the trunk. Under this is the inner bark which is called the phloem. The phloem is how the tree ...
Bark refers to all the tissues outside the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical term. [1] It overlays the wood and consists of the inner bark and the outer bark. The inner bark, which in older stems is living tissue, includes the innermost layer of the periderm. The outer bark on older stems includes the dead tissue on the surface of the ...
The inner bark cambium and phloem tissues are living, and form a new protective layer of cells as the outer bark pulls apart. Normal furrowed bark has a layer of bark over the wood below, however bark may peel or fall off the tree in sheets (river birch), plates (sycamore and pine), strips (cedar) or blocks (dogwood). [2]
The trunk is usually 60 to 80 cm (24 to 31 in) in diameter and covered in a smooth, exfoliating, skin-like epidermis (the outer bark). Beneath the papery outer bark, which exfoliates annually, is a spongey, blue-green photosynthetic inner bark 2.54 to 5.08 cm (1.00 to 2.00 in) thick. The inner bark exudes a milky sap that dries clear and ...
1. A cup-shaped structure formed from bract s resembling an outer calyx. 2. In some Asteraceae, a circle of bracts below the involucre. calyptra A hood or lid. See operculum. calyx. pl. calyces. Collective term for the sepal s of one flower; the outer whorl of a flower, usually green. Compare corolla. calyx tube
The outer bark is discarded; the inner bark, named tutu or loututu, is left-over. It is dried in the sun before being soaked. A break from beating the tapa in Nukuʻalofa. After this, the bark is beaten on a wooden tutua anvil using wooden mallets called ike. In the beating the bark is made thinner and spread out to a width of about 25 cm (9.8 in).
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The outer layer of bark can be stripped off the tree without killing it and can be used to make canoe skins, drinking vessels and roofing tiles. [7] The inner bark can be used for the production of rope and for making a form of oiled paper. This bark is also rich in tannin and has been used as a