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A simple general-purpose desktop power supply used in electronic labs, with power output connector seen at lower-left and power input connector (not shown) located at the rear Interior of high-end linear power supply with toroidal mains transformer. A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load.
Linear variable bench power supplies have existed since longer ago, dating back at least to the 1980s. [6] [7] [8] Linear power supplies typically make clicking sounds while adjusting the voltage, caused by adjustment between transformer taps. This is done to reduce energy wasted to heat by widening or narrowing the selected section of the ...
Comparison of a linear power supply and a switched-mode power supply Linear power supply Switching power supply Notes Size and weight: 0.12 W/cm 3, 88 W/kg [28] Smaller than linear power supply. Compared to linear, a SMPS that is 20 kHz is 1/4, 100–200 kHz is 1/8, and 200 kHz–1 MHz types can be even smaller. [28]: 5–8
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Now all modern computers use switched-mode power supplies, which are lighter, less costly, and more efficient than equivalent linear power supplies. Computer power supplies may have short circuit protection, overpower (overload) protection, over-voltage protection, under-voltage protection, over-current protection, and over-temperature protection.
In a typical power supply/charger supplied with a laptop computer, average I CA is set at around 1.5 mA, including a 0.5 mA LED current and a 1 mA shunt current (2012 data). [ 7 ] Design of a robust, efficient and stable SMPS with a TL431 is a common but complex task. [ 34 ]
Many power supplies use more than one regulating method in series. For example, the output from a switching regulator can be further regulated by a linear regulator. The switching regulator accepts a wide range of input voltages and efficiently generates a (somewhat noisy) voltage slightly above the ultimately desired output.
Low-dropout (LDO) regulators operate similarly to all linear voltage regulators.The main difference between LDO and non-LDO regulators is their schematic topology.Instead of an emitter follower topology, low-dropout regulators consist of an open collector or open drain topology, where the transistor may be easily driven into saturation with the voltages available to the regulator.