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In sociology, macrostructures, often simply called 'structure', correspond to the overall organization of society, described at a rather large-scale level, featuring for instance social groups, organizations, institutions, nation-states and their respective properties and relations.
Linking micro- and macro-sociology [ edit ] Perhaps the most highly developed integrative effort to link micro- and macro-sociological phenomena is found in Anthony Giddens 's theory of structuration , in which "social structure is defined as both constraining and enabling of human activity as well as both internal and external to the actor."
On the macro scale, social structure pertains to the system of socioeconomic stratification (most notably the class structure), social institutions, or other patterned relations between large social groups.
A macro-level phenomenon is described as instigating particular actions by individuals, which results in a subsequent macro-level phenomenon. In this way, individual action is taken in reference to a macro-sociological structure, and that action (by many individuals) results in change to that macro-structure.
Giddens uses "the duality of structure" (i.e. material/ideational, micro/macro) to emphasize structure's nature as both medium and outcome. Structures exist both internally within agents as memory traces that are the product of phenomenological and hermeneutic inheritance [2]: 27 and externally as the manifestation of social actions. Similarly ...
Sociology of literature, film, and art is a subset of the sociology of culture. This field studies the social production of artistic objects and its social implications. A notable example is Pierre Bourdieu's Les Règles de L'Art: Genèse et Structure du Champ Littéraire (1992). [129]
The Structure of Complex Networks: Theory and Applications. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-59175-6. Ferguson, Niall (2018). The Square and the Tower: Networks and Power, from the Freemasons to Facebook. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0735222915. Freeman, Linton C. (2004). The Development of Social Network Analysis: A Study in the Sociology of ...
Mesosociology lies between analysis of large-scale macro forces such as the economy or human societies (which is a domain of macrosociology), and everyday human social interactions on a small scale (a territory of microsociology).