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[11] [12] Metronidazole is available orally (by mouth), as a cream or gel, and by slow intravenous infusion (injection into a vein). [11] [5] Common side effects include nausea, a metallic taste, loss of appetite, and headaches. [11] Occasionally seizures or allergies to the medication may occur. [11]
Possible side effects of doxycycline include gastrointestinal issues and irritation in the esophagus. [27] Metronidazole is less effective, but is available in a gel and can be applied twice daily. For pediatric patients, metronidazole can be used as an alternative to tetracycline. Metronidazole comes in various concentrations ranging from 0.75 ...
Benefits of topical metronidazole include its effectiveness in reducing symptoms, extensive clinical experience supporting its use, and generally good tolerability with minimal systemic side effects; still, some patients may experience mild local irritation upon initial use, and it may have limited impact on persistent facial redness (erythema).
[5] [2] [6] They have minimal side effects due to their localized effect. [1] Topical gels are convenient and easy to apply. [2] [6] The topical mode of action of topical gels is also non-invasive. [1] [6] These favorable factors of topical gels improve patient compliance and tolerability. [1] [2]
Therefore, potential risks of side effects and effectiveness depend on the type of antibiotic administered. [ 63 ] Antibiotics such as metronidazole , tinidazole , cephamandole , latamoxef , cefoperazone , cefmenoxime , and furazolidone , cause a disulfiram -like chemical reaction with alcohol by inhibiting its breakdown by acetaldehyde ...
A gel formulation of the drug has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [3] and by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) [4] for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis. Two different strengths of the gel have been approved for use on either the face and scalp (0.015%) or the trunk and extremities (0.05%), respectively. [5]
Common side effects include itchiness or irritation of the area in which it was applied. [2] Use in pregnancy is believed to be safe for the baby. [4] Miconazole is in the imidazole family of medications. [2] It works by decreasing the ability of fungi to make ergosterol, an important part of their cell membrane. [2]
Xerostomia itself has many possible causes, but commonly the cause may be side effects of medications, or conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome. Conversely, conditions which cause drooling or sialorrhoea (excessive salivation) can cause angular cheilitis by creating a constant wet environment in the corners of the mouth.