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A pitot tube (/ ˈpiːtoʊ / PEE-toh; also pitot probe) measures fluid flow velocity. It was invented by French engineer Henri Pitot in the early 18th century, [1] and modified to its modern form in the mid-19th century by Henry Darcy. [2] It is widely used to determine the airspeed of aircraft; [3] the water speed of boats; and the flow ...
Soil mechanics is used to analyze the deformations of and flow of fluids within natural and man-made structures that are supported on or made of soil, or structures that are buried in soils. [6] Example applications are building and bridge foundations, retaining walls, dams, and buried pipeline systems.
In engineering, airflow is a measurement of the amount of air per unit of time that flows through a particular device. It can be described as a volumetric flow rate (volume of air per unit time) or a mass flow rate (mass of air per unit time). What relates both forms of description is the air density, which is a function of pressure and ...
Velocimetry is the measurement of the velocity of fluids. This is a task often taken for granted, and involves far more complex processes than one might expect. It is often used to solve fluid dynamics problems, study fluid networks, in industrial and process control applications, as well as in the creation of new kinds of fluid flow sensors.
Fume hood. A fume hood (sometimes called a fume cupboard or fume closet) is a type of local exhaust ventilation device that is designed to prevent users from being exposed to hazardous fumes, vapors and dusts. The device is an enclosure with a movable sash window on one side that traps and exhausts gases and particulates either out of the area ...
Sonar flowmeters have the capacity of measuring the velocity of liquids or gases non-intrusively within the pipe and then leverage this velocity measurement into a flow rate by using the cross-sectional area of the pipe and the line pressure and temperature. The principle behind this flow measurement is the use of underwater acoustics.
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. [1]: 3 It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology.
Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what allows objects with a higher density than water such as razor blades and insects (e.g. water striders) to float on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged. At liquid–air interfaces, surface ...