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Fortran (/ ˈ f ɔːr t r æ n /; formerly FORTRAN) is a third generation, compiled, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.
The programming language Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language with direct descendants and closely related dialects still in widespread use today. The language Fortran is older by one year. [1] [2] Lisp, like Fortran, has changed a lot since its early days, and many dialects have existed over its history. Today, the most ...
Other languages still in use today include LISP (1958), invented by John McCarthy and COBOL (1959), created by the Short Range Committee. Another milestone in the late 1950s was the publication, by a committee of American and European computer scientists, of "a new language for algorithms"; the ALGOL 60 Report (the " ALGO rithmic L anguage").
A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...
Originally specified in the late 1950s, it is the second-oldest high-level programming language still in common use, after Fortran. [4] [5] Lisp has changed since its early days, and many dialects have existed over its history. Today, the best-known general-purpose Lisp dialects are Common Lisp, Scheme, Racket, and Clojure. [6] [7] [8]
FORTRAN IV: IBM: FORTRAN II 1962 APL (concept) Kenneth E. Iverson: none (unique language) 1962 Simula (concept) Ole-Johan Dahl (mostly) ALGOL 60 1962 SNOBOL: Ralph Griswold, et al. FORTRAN II, COMIT 1963 Combined Programming Language (CPL) (concept) Barron, Christopher Strachey, et al. ALGOL 60 1963 SNOBOL3 Griswold, et al. SNOBOL 1963 ALGOL 68 ...
GNU Fortran (GFortran) is an implementation of the Fortran programming language in the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), an open-source and free software project maintained in the open-source programmer community under the umbrella of the GNU Project. It is the successor to previous compiler versions in the suite, such as g77.
The article claims: Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use today; only Fortran is older (by one year). Today's Lisp and Fortran dialects are at least as different to the originals as, for instance, C or Pascal are to Algol.