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Topical tretinoin is for use only on the skin and should not be applied to eyes or mucosal tissues. Common side effects include skin irritation, redness, swelling, and blistering. [ 6 ] If irritation is a problem, a decrease in the frequency of application to every other or every third night can be considered, and the frequency of application ...
The basic structure of the hydrophobic retinoid molecule consists of a cyclic end group, a polyene side chain and a polar end group. The conjugated system formed by alternating C=C double bonds in the polyene side chain are responsible for the color of retinoids (typically yellow, orange, or red).
Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication as with most other vitamin A products, it should also be avoided when it comes to systemic use in any women that is of childbearing potential and not taking precautions to prevent pregnancy. [1] Toctino (the oral capsule formulation of alitretinoin) contains soya oil and sorbitol.
Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid and sold under the brand name Accutane among others, is a medication used to treat skin diseases like harlequin-type ichthyosis, and lamellar ichthyosis, and severe cystic acne or moderate acne that is unresponsive to antibiotics. [6]
Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin. Several chemicals have been shown to be effective in skin whitening, while some have proven to be toxic or have ...
Perioral dermatitis, also known as periorificial dermatitis, is a common type of inflammatory skin rash. [2] Symptoms include multiple small (1–2 mm) bumps and blisters sometimes with background redness and scale, localized to the skin around the mouth and nostrils.
Tretinoin (retinoic acid)causes dispersion of pigment granules in keratinocytes,interferes with pigment transfer,and acceler-ates epidermal transfer,thus causing pigment to be lost more rapidly.Tretinoin also accelerates epidermal turnover,shorten-ing the "transit time"from the basal layer and accelerating pig-ment loss.Retinoic acid reduces ...
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]