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It has a melting point of 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) and a boiling point of 688 °C (1,270 °F). [12] It forms amalgams with mercury and alloys with gold , iron , caesium , sodium , and potassium , but not lithium (despite rubidium and lithium being in the same periodic group). [ 13 ]
A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements.The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behavior of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behavior begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behavior fall into ...
The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C.
[26] [27] [d] Some rarer metals are denser: tungsten and gold are both at 19.3 g/cm 3, and osmium—the densest metal known—has a density of 22.59 g/cm 3, almost twice that of lead. [ 28 ] Lead is a very soft metal with a Mohs hardness of 1.5; it can be scratched with a fingernail. [ 29 ]
Bulk platinum does not oxidize in air at any temperature, but it forms a thin surface film of PtO 2 that can be easily removed by heating to about 400 °C. [17] [18] The most common oxidation states of platinum are +2 and +4. The +1 and +3 oxidation states are less common, and are often stabilized by metal bonding in bimetallic (or polymetallic ...
Period 4 includes the biologically essential elements potassium and calcium, and is the first period in the d-block with the lighter transition metals. These include iron , the heaviest element forged in main-sequence stars and a principal component of the Earth, as well as other important metals such as cobalt , nickel , and copper .
Because of its hardness, brittleness, and very high melting point, solid iridium is difficult to machine, form, or work; thus powder metallurgy is commonly employed instead. [12] It is the only metal to maintain good mechanical properties in air at temperatures above 1,600 °C (2,910 °F). [ 13 ]
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.