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Magnesium is the third-most-commonly-used structural metal, following iron and aluminium. [58] The main applications of magnesium are, in order: aluminium alloys, die-casting (alloyed with zinc), [59] removing sulfur in the production of iron and steel, and the production of titanium in the Kroll process. [60]
Dissimilar friction stir welding (DFSW) is the application of friction stir welding (FSW), invented in The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991, [1] to join different base metals including aluminum, copper, steel, titanium, magnesium and other materials. [2] It is based on solid state welding that means there is no melting.
Vapor-deposited magnesium crystals from the Pidgeon process. The Pidgeon process is a practical method for smelting magnesium.The most common method involves the raw material, dolomite being fed into an externally heated reduction tank and then thermally reduced to metallic magnesium using 75% ferrosilicon as a reducing agent in a vacuum. [1]
The machinability of magnesium alloys is the best of any commercial metal, and in many applications, the savings in machining costs more than compensate for the increased cost of the material. [ citation needed ] It is necessary, however, to keep the tools sharp and to provide ample space for the chips.
The Kroll process displaced the Hunter process and continues to be the dominant technology for the production of titanium metal, as well as driving the majority of the world's production of magnesium metal. [citation needed]
The strength and high-temperature stability of refractory metals make them suitable for hot metalworking applications and for vacuum furnace technology. Many special applications exploit these properties: for example, tungsten lamp filaments operate at temperatures up to 3073 K, and molybdenum furnace windings withstand 2273 K.
In addition to magnesium and silicon, other elements are contained in the standardized varieties. Copper is used to improve strength and hot curing in quantities of 0.2-1%. It forms the Q phase (Al 4 Mg 8 Si 7 Cu 2). Copper leads to a denser dispersion of needle-shaped, semi-coherent excretion (cluster of magnesium and silicon).
Aluminium-magnesium alloys are considered to be very corrosion-resistant, making them suitable for marine applications, but this is only true if the -phase exists as a non-contiguous phase. Alloys with Mg contents below 3% are therefore always corrosion-resistant, with higher contents, appropriate heat treatment must ensure that this phase is ...