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Throughout the duration of a motor task, an efference copy is fed into a forward model known as a dynamics predictor whose output allows prediction of the motor output. When applying adaptive control theory techniques to motor control, efference copy is used in indirect control schemes as the input to the reference model.
The Tactual Performance Test (TPT) is a neuropsychological test that attempts to measure motor abilities and the recall of motor stimuli. This test requires the use of a blindfold, which taxes subsystems involved in motor and motor-memory. [1] The TPT is also included in the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. [2]
Though this theory represented an important leap forward in motor learning research, [1] one weakness in Adams’ closed-loop theory was the requirement of 1-to-1 mapping between stored states (motor programs) and movements to be made. This presented an issue related to the storage capacity of the central nervous system; a vast array of ...
An experiment of the quadriceps femoris found that motor units are in fact recruited in an orderly manner according to the size principle. [12] The study looked at average motor unit size and firing rate in relationships with force productions of the quadriceps femoris by using a clinical electromyograph (EMG). [12]
In neuroscience and motor control, the degrees of freedom problem or motor equivalence problem states that there are multiple ways for humans or animals to perform a movement in order to achieve the same goal. In other words, under normal circumstances, no simple one-to-one correspondence exists between a motor problem (or task) and a motor ...
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Research that has implemented motor learning and rehabilitation practice has been used within the stroke population and includes arm ability training, constraint-induced movement therapy, electromyograph-triggered neuromuscular stimulation, interactive robot therapy and virtual reality-based rehabilitation. A recent study ischemic conditioning ...
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