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The tongue is moved side to side and inspected; it should be pink, moist, smooth and glistening. Assessment of the ventral (bottom) surface of the tongue is done by having the patient touch the tip of their tongue against the roof of their mouth. If healthy, it should have prominent veins and be pink, smooth, moist, glistening and free of lesions.
Tongue thrusting is a type of orofacial myofunctional disorder, which is defined as habitual resting or thrusting the tongue forward and/or sideways against or between the teeth while swallowing, chewing, resting, or speaking. Abnormal swallowing patterns push the upper teeth forward and away from the upper alveolar processes and cause open bites.
Elimination-excretion patterns and problems need to be evaluated (constipation, incontinence, diarrhea) Activity exercise-whether one is able to do daily activities normally without any problem, self care activities; Sleep rest-do they have hypersomnia, insomnia, do they have normal sleeping patterns
Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly that may decrease the mobility of the tongue tip [1] and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. [2]
Ankyloglossia or tongue tie can also be responsible for lisps in children — however, it is unclear whether these deficiencies are caused by the tongue tie itself or the muscle weakness following the correction of the tongue tie. [4] Overbites and underbites may also contribute to non lingual lisping.
Assessment of the tongue has historically been an important part of a medical examination. [12] The shape and color of the tongue is examined and observed diagnostically in traditional Chinese medicine. For example, scalloping of the tongue is said to indicate qi vacuity. [13]
Palpation is the use of physical touch during examination. During palpation, the physician checks for areas of tenderness, abnormalities of the skin, respiratory expansion and fremitus. [14] To assess areas of tenderness, palpate areas of pain, bruises, or lesions on the front and back of the chest.
A frenuloplasty of tongue is a frenuloplasty of the frenulum of tongue. A tight frenulum in this context is sometimes referred to as "tongue-tie" which is also known as ankyloglossia . In this condition the frenulum of the tongue restricts range of motion which may interfere with breastfeeding or speech.