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Nap typically has a direction in which it feels smoothest. In garments, nap direction is often matched across seams, because cloth will not only feel but look different depending on the direction of the nap. For this reason, sewing patterns frequently show the nap direction, or warn that more fabric will be needed if the fabric has a nap.
Shearing was most commonly used to make woollens and worsted materials. It was a part of dry finishing of woollen and worsted goods. Previously, shearing was also a component of gigging or napping; when partially produced goods were exposed to shear in order to improve the impact of gigging or napping, the process was referred to as "cropping".
Pile is the raised surface or nap of a fabric, consisting of upright loops or strands of yarn. [1] Examples of pile textiles are carpets, corduroy, velvet, plush, and Turkish towels . [2] The word is derived from Latin pilus for "hair". [3]
Raising the nap, Roman fresco. After fulling, cloth was stretched on great frames known as tenters, to which it is attached by tenterhooks (whence the phrase being on tenterhooks). The area where the tenters were erected was known as a tenterground. Cloth would also have the nap raised by napping or gigging. The surface would then be sheared ...
The nap was raised by scrubbing it to raise curls of fibre, [1] and was not shorn after being raised, leaving an uneven surface. The term frieze can also be used for the curly nap frieze fabrics have, as well as the action of raising the nap, [ 2 ] which differs from standard methods.
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A gig-mill (gigging machine, napping machine) was a type of raising machine that used teasels to produce a nap on cloth. [1] [2] Examples of the results of gigging are woolen fabrics such as chinchilla, beaver cloth, and melton. [3] The process involved gradual teasing of the surface to raise the nap. [4] Spelling in some localities is "Gigg".
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