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A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system by transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by using messages from the master supervisory system to control connected objects. [1]
The Remote Terminal Unit monitors data points and generates events when it determines that the data should be reported (for example, when it changes value). These events are each placed in one of three buffers, associated with "Classes" 1, 2 and 3. In addition to these, Class 0 is defined as the "static" or current status of the monitored data.
Modbus or MODBUS is a client/server data communications protocol in the application layer. [1] It was originally designed for use with programmable logic controllers (PLCs), [2] but has become a de facto standard communication protocol for communication between industrial electronic devices in a wide range of buses and networks.
ARINC 429, [1] the "Mark 33 Digital Information Transfer System (DITS)," is the ARINC technical standard for the predominant avionics data bus used on most higher-end commercial and transport aircraft. [2] It defines the physical and electrical interfaces of a two-wire data bus and a data protocol to support an aircraft's avionics local area ...
Instruction code - indicates the specific command, e.g., "select", "write data" P1-P2 2 Instruction parameters for the command, e.g., offset into file at which to write the data L c: 0, 1 or 3 Encodes the number (N c) of bytes of command data to follow 0 bytes denotes N c =0 1 byte with a value from 1 to 255 denotes N c with the same length
Different fieldbuses offer different sets of features and performance. It is difficult to make a general comparison of fieldbus performance because of fundamental differences in data transfer methodology. In the comparison table below it is simply noted if the fieldbus in question typically supports data update cycles of 1 millisecond or faster.
WiMAX was initially designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates, [3] with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s [3] for fixed stations. IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced was a candidate for 4G , in competition with the LTE Advanced standard.
The binary signal is encoded using rectangular pulse-amplitude modulation with polar NRZ(L), or polar non-return-to-zero-level code. In telecommunications, a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) line code is a binary code in which ones are represented by one significant condition, usually a positive voltage, while zeros are represented by some other significant condition, usually a negative voltage, with ...