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Book cover of the 1979 paperback edition. Hubert Dreyfus was a critic of artificial intelligence research. In a series of papers and books, including Alchemy and AI, What Computers Can't Do (1972; 1979; 1992) and Mind over Machine, he presented a pessimistic assessment of AI's progress and a critique of the philosophical foundations of the field.
Hubert Lederer Dreyfus (/ ˈ d r aɪ f ə s / DRY-fəs; October 15, 1929 – April 22, 2017) was an American philosopher and a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. His main interests included phenomenology , existentialism and the philosophy of both psychology and literature , as well as the philosophical ...
Brothers Stuart and Hubert Dreyfus originally proposed the model in 1980 in an 18-page report on their research at the University of California, Berkeley, Operations Research Center for the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research. [1] The model was elaborated in more detail in their book Mind Over Machine (1986/1988). [2]
Some critics, like philosophers Hubert Dreyfus [71] and John Searle, [72] assert that computers or machines cannot achieve human intelligence. Others, like physicist Stephen Hawking, [73] object that whether machines can achieve a true intelligence or merely something similar to intelligence is irrelevant if the net result is the same.
In Mind Over Machine (1986), written during the heyday of expert systems, Dreyfus analyzed the difference between human expertise and the programs that claimed to capture it. This expanded on ideas from What Computers Can't Do , where he had made a similar argument criticizing the " cognitive simulation " school of AI research practiced by ...
The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation is a New York City-based foundation founded in 1946 by chemist and investor Camille Dreyfus in honour of his brother, Henry Dreyfus. [2] The two men invented the acetate yarn Celanese , and Henry Dreyfus was founder and chairman of British Celanese , parent of the Celanese Corporation of America. [ 3 ]
Dreyfus, Hubert (1972), What Computers Can't Do, New York: MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-06-011082-6 Dreyfus, Hubert (1979), What Computers Still Can't Do , New York: MIT Press . Dreyfus, Hubert ; Dreyfus, Stuart (1986), Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer , Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell
The second objective is a reply to arguments such as John Searle's Chinese room argument, Hubert Dreyfus's critique of AI or Roger Penrose's argument in The Emperor's New Mind. These critics argued that there are aspects of human consciousness or expertise that can not be simulated by machines.