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Glutamine provides a source of carbon and nitrogen for use in other metabolic processes. Glutamine is present in serum at higher concentrations than other amino acids [16] and is essential for many cellular functions. Examples include the synthesis of nucleotides and non-essential amino acids. [17]
The amide group of glutamate is a nitrogen source for the synthesis of glutamine pathway metabolites. [5] Other reactions may take place via GS. Competition between ammonium ion and water, their binding affinities, and the concentration of ammonium ion, influences glutamine synthesis and glutamine hydrolysis. Glutamine is formed if an ammonium ...
Chemical formula: C 5 H 10 N 2 O 3 Molar mass: 146.15 g·mol −1 Systematic name: (2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoyl-butanoic acid Abbreviations: Q, Gln Synonyms: {γ/+/-/D/L}-Glutamine 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the plasma and an additional energy source in tumor cells especially when glycolytic energy production is low due to a high amount of the dimeric form of M2-PK. Glutamine and its degradation products glutamate and aspartate are precursors for nucleic acid and serine synthesis.
Lysine and glutamine residues must be bound to a peptide or a protein so that this cross-linking (between separate molecules) or intramolecular (within the same molecule) reaction can happen. [1] Bonds formed by transglutaminase exhibit high resistance to proteolytic degradation ( proteolysis ). [ 2 ]
γ-Glutamylmethylamide (gamma-glutamylmethylamide, abbrev.GMA, synonyms N-methyl-L-glutamine, metheanine) is an amino acid analog of the proteinogenic amino acids L-glutamic acid and L-glutamine, found primarily in plant and fungal species; simply speaking, it is L-glutamine methylated on the amide nitrogen.
Glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2, glutaminase I, L-glutaminase, glutamine aminohydrolase) is an amidohydrolase enzyme that generates glutamate from glutamine. Glutaminase has tissue-specific isoenzymes. Glutaminase has an important role in glial cells. Glutaminase catalyzes the following reaction: Glutamine + H 2 O → glutamate + NH + 4
Theanine / ˈ θ iː ən iː n /, also known as L-theanine, L-gamma-glutamylethylamide, or N 5-ethyl-L-glutamine, is a non-proteinogenic amino acid similar to L-glutamate and L-glutamine. It is produced by certain plants such as Camellia sinensis (the tea plant), and by some fungi .